|
Oakland Airport Connector (OAC) -
Personal Rapid Transit (PRT) beats Automated People Mover (APM)
|
PRT is a Better Solution:
|
|
APM |
PRT |
|
# stations |
2 |
24 |
|
Cost |
$500M |
$90-180M |
|
Trip time |
Long wait, quick trip to 1 station |
Faster than a car to 24 stations |
|
Oakland economic development |
none |
huge |
|
Jobs created |
many short-term, BART cuts long-term |
many short & long term |
|
BART Director Radulovich: "blingfrastructure for the rich" |
guilty |
serves local activities / workers via 24 stations |
|
Redevelop huge Pardee Drive PCA parking lot |
no |
makes possible |
|
BART ridership |
slight increase vs AirBART |
large increase |
|
Airport parking lots and rent-a-car |
|
Modern transit solution |
|
Airport market position |
|
Attracts more business travelers |
|
Enhances these AC Transit Routes |
|
45, 46, 50, 56, 98, 356, 805 |
|
Eyesore? |
yes |
no |
|
Construction inconvenience |
High |
Low |
|
Extendible / future growth? |
No |
Yes |
|
PRT (personal rapid transit) is an
electric, 200-mpg-equivalent, elevated transit system with many 3 to
5-person vehicles. First deployment of the ULTra PRT system is
scheduled for London Heathrow Airport (the world's third largest
airport) in Spring 2010, to serve Heathrow's new Terminal 5. Working as
circulator transit for airports, office parks, universities, and other
major activity centers, PRT is faster than a car. In these
applications, PRT makes BART and AC Transit more effective, by solving
the "last mile problem." PRT system proposals are advancing for San
Jose Airport, Alameda Point, Santa Cruz, and Virginia. A 3-minute PRT
explanation video and Heathrow PRT tour can be found at:
http://www.ultraprt.com/.
David Holdcroft, Heathrow Terminal 5 ULTra PRT Project Manager: "This
innovative system forms part of BAA's [formerly British Airports
Authority] plan to transform Heathrow, improve the passenger
experience and reduce the environmental impact of our operation
through the development of cutting edge, green transport solutions. It
offers a completely new form of public transport - one that will
deliver a fast, efficient service to passengers and bring considerable
environmental benefits, saving more than half of the fuel used by
existing forms of public or private transport."
One of the advantages of a PRT network "is
that it offers a lot of flexibility. It's much less expensive than
traditional transit. It doesn't serve the same needs as high-speed
rail or BART. It's a complement to those systems," Laura Stuchinksy,
Sustainability Officer, City of San Jose Department of Transportation.
"We've concocted a system where local
trips take an auto. That's our biggest tragedy. Streetcars, such as
those used in Portland's Pearl District, and elevated people movers,
like those in downtown Miami, are moving people from rail stations to
their final destinations. But a new concept, PRT, may help
revolutionize urban transportation, providing a cost-effective way to
get people from train stations to where they need to go." - Peter
Calthorpe, Berkeley-based Calthorpe Associates (Alameda Point, etc).
Oakland power-developer Phil Tagami is
also a fan of PRT for Oakland Airport, as reported in the SF Business
Times in September, 2008.
PRT is faster than a car:
-
PRT trip time to/from
Airport Terminal 1 to Coliseum
BART: 0:20 sec wait + 6:20 PRT trip time (3.0 mile journey @ 30 mph).
-
Estimated "light traffic" driving time from Coliseum
BART to Oakland Airport Terminal 1 is 12 minutes, plus additional time spent
parking and walking.
APMs are Eyesores
APMs are massive, ugly elevated structures
that block out the sun. Measuring cross section, they block out 30' of
sun. PRT is more suited to blending in with Oakland surroundings, with
a grid guideway that lets sunlight through, blocking out less than two
cross sectional feet of sun:

APM cross section
PRT low-sunlight-occlusion grid guideway |

System map is rotated, North is to the left
Oakland Airport Connector PRT system details:
PRT and APM Project Risks
APM "mega-projects" such as the OAC are
quite risky. The OAC itself is an example of a budget-busting APM project,
with costs up 300% since Year 2000, and we don't yet know how far those
costs will ultimately rise. There were five other APMs completed
this decade that have had an even HIGHER cost per mile than OAC:
|
APM |
Yr Open |
Miles |
Capital Cost |
Cost/mi |
|
Las Vegas Monorail |
2004 |
3.9 |
$650,000,000 |
$166,666,667 |
|
JFK AirTrain |
2003 |
8.1 |
$1,900,000,000 |
$234,567,901 |
|
Atlanta Airport ConRAC |
2009 |
1.5 |
$286,500,000 |
$191,000,000 |
|
DFW SkyLink |
2005 |
5 |
$865,000,000 |
$173,000,000 |
|
Dulles AeroTrain |
Late 2009 |
3.8 |
$1,400,000,000 |
$368,421,053 |
Calculations and references:
http://www.cities21.org/HeavyAPMmonorailCosts.xls
Although APMs represent "proven
technology," these projects come with their own hair-raising risks. The
Las Vegas Monorail has had numerous instances of unscheduled system
shutdown. One shutdown was seven days long. The Las Vegas Public Private
Partnership credit rating was downgraded. Ridership is less than 50% of
forecast. The Las Vegas Phase II expansion was rejected by the Federal
Transit Administration. In addition, San Francisco Airport's APM had a
$5.5M crash. By exposing Oakland to much lower capital cost risk, PRT
lessens the risk of one of these surprisingly frequent APM mega-project
annual budget shortfalls.
Like APM, PRT also presents risks for
public sector procurements. Will PRT be safe, reliable, and operate as
promised? If a new transit technology is completely unproven, then the
private sector should fund 100% of capital costs, with the public sector
paying out annual "performance payments" for reliable delivered service.
This serves to eliminate public sector "capital cost risk." As PRT systems
begin to operate, such as at London Heathrow, then public sector risk
begins to diminish. When a technology becomes "fully mature," then 100%
public sector capital cost funding may be appropriate. For OAC PRT, a
sliding scale formula could be developed, based on months of reliable
commercial PRT system operation and also based on commercial PRT system
size relative to Oakland PRT size.
Further, an OAC PRT system may be built in
phases. In the alignment image above, blue, orange, magenta, and red
phases are shown as examples of phasing. Such phasing may further reduce
public sector risk and may allow for reduced financing costs in ensuing
phases.
|